The viability of Short-Sea-Shipping for freight transport between the Iberia peninsula and northwest Europe ; La viabilité du cabotage maritime de marchandises conteneurisées entre la péninsule ibérique et l'Europe du nord-ouest
Since 1995, the European Union try to find solutions to impulse the Short-Sea-Shipping (SSS) and a transfer of freight from haulage to balance the modal split between transports in Europe. The "Sea ways" are a more ecological alternative than haulage, and a solution to prevent the highways saturation. Otherwise, the characteristics of international maritime transport make the SSS not only an option but also an economic necessity to develop, or to preserve, the maritime and port's activities. The SSS may to be an important freight traffic source. We analyzed haulage flux between 112 cities of Iberia peninsula and northwest Europe, which may to be the source of freight to SSS from an eventual haulage transfer. We identified three main (expedition/reception) zones of haulage freight, which may furnish the main volumes. We developed a model of "modal choice" to compare between unimodal and combined transport alternatives. We applied this model in the case of haulage and SSS costs competition. The concentration of competitive SSS links on ports might us to define a SSS development potential to 57 ports. The distribution of haulage flux, allow us to identify some SSS lines between "high potential" ports. Finally, we build a scenario, based on a 30% haulage transfer supposition, and we have assigned the freight volumes to SSS identified lines. Even if SSS is competitive and his development is economically feasible, a politic will and investments of European Union are necessaries to impulse it in effective way. ; Depuis 1995, l'Union européenne cherche à trouver des solutions pour impulser le cabotage afin de rééquilibrer la distribution modale des transports en Europe. Les "autoroutes de la mer" sont une alternative de transport moins polluante que le mode routier, ainsi qu'une solution pour éviter la congestion des autoroutes. Mais en raison des caractéristiques du transport maritime international, le développement du cabotage n'est pas seulement une alternative écologique, il est aussi une nécessité économique pour ...